Reconstructing the Rule of Lenity

Lenity was doomed from the start. The rule of lenity purports to serve two important constitutional objectives. First, it serves to preserve the separation of governmental powers. Second, lenity serves the constitutional right of fair warning found in due process. But while the United States Supreme Court purports to uphold both Constitution-based rationales, it routinely favors one over the other.

Second Class Citizenship? The Plight of Naturalized Special Immigrant Juveniles

What is citizenship? This is a simple question with a complex answer. Citizenship means voting and serving on juries, except when it did not and except when it does not; it did not for quite some time. Today, citizenship does mean voting, except for felons and except in states that exclude those with intellectual and other cognitive disabilities.

What’s Wrong with Obergefell

Obergefell’s rhetoric of marital supremacy should have little direct impact on the legal rights of nonmarital couples. It does not create a sword to strike down marital status discrimination, but neither does it herald the retreat of constitutional protections for nonmarital families.

Conspiracy: Contemporary Gang Policing and Prosecutions

Under the finding of discriminatory intent in Floyd v. City of New York, contemporary gang policing violates equal protection. In jurisdictions where gang policing is codified by statute, even in part, it also violates the vagueness doctrine (as that doctrine exists today).